Checklist for Buying an EV

When buying an electric vehicle (EV), focus on five key areas to make an informed decision:

1. Understand Your Driving Habits:
   • Know your daily mileage and factor in a 25-30% buffer for unexpected trips.
   • Consider long-distance travel needs and check charging station availability.
   • Account for weather and terrain, as both can impact range significantly.
2. Evaluate Charging Options:
   • Home Charging: A Level 2 charger is faster and more practical than Level 1. Installation costs range from $400–$1,700.
   • Public Charging: Familiarize yourself with major networks like Tesla Superchargers, Electrify America, and EVgo.
3. Inspect the Vehicle:
   • Check battery health, as it’s the most expensive component. Look for a State of Health (SoH) of 70–90%.
   • Review features like range, safety systems, and regenerative braking.
4. Calculate Costs and Incentives:
   • Factor in purchase price, charging costs, and maintenance (30% lower than gas cars).
   • Explore federal tax credits (up to $7,500) and state/local rebates.
5. Choose the Right Dealer:
   • Work with trusted dealerships that inspect EVs thoroughly and assist with financing and incentives.

Buying a used EV? Download this FREE pre-purchase checklist

1. Check Your Driving Needs and Habits

Before picking an EV, take a close look at your driving habits. Your daily routine, travel preferences, and even local weather can play a big role in determining which electric vehicle fits your lifestyle best.

Daily Driving Distance and Range

Start by figuring out how far you drive on an average day. For reference, most Americans cover about 37 miles daily. To get a clearer picture, track your mileage for a week or two, including commutes, errands, and any social outings.

Where you live and your stage of life also influence your driving patterns. For example, Wyoming residents average a whopping 21,589 miles per year, while those in Washington D.C. drive just 6,694 miles annually. Age matters, too - drivers aged 35-54 log the most miles, around 15,291 annually, compared to teenagers who average 7,624 miles.

Age Range	Annual Miles
16–19	7,624
20–34	15,098
35–54	15,291
55–64	11,972
65+	7,646

Once you know your daily mileage, add a 25-30% buffer for unexpected trips and natural battery wear over time. For instance, if you drive 50 miles a day, an EV with a range of 65–75 miles or more will give you flexibility and reduce range anxiety.

Long-Distance Travel Plans

Think about how often you take longer trips. Do you frequently visit family in other states or enjoy weekend road trips? Your travel habits will heavily influence which EV is the right fit.

Charging infrastructure is expanding fast. As of July 2024, there are about 70,600 public EV charging stations in the U.S., offering over 188,300 individual charging ports. Tesla’s network includes more than 2,300 Supercharger stations with 26,000 fast-charging ports, while Electrify America operates over 900 stations and nearly 4,300 fast-charging ports, making it the most extensive non-Tesla network.

If you plan on road trips, look for an EV that supports DC fast charging. Electrify America’s network allows non-Tesla EVs to travel virtually anywhere in the U.S.. Additionally, over 40% of Americans live within 10 miles of an EVgo fast charger.

To plan your routes, apps like PlugShare and ChargePoint can help you locate charging stations. On the West Coast, the Electric Highway ensures charging stations every 25 to 50 miles along major roadways, making it a particularly EV-friendly region.

Weather and Terrain Impact

Your local climate and terrain also affect an EV’s performance. Cold weather, for instance, significantly reduces range. At 5°F (-15°C), an EV’s range can drop to just 54% of its rated capacity. A vehicle rated for 250 miles might only manage 135 miles in extreme cold.

"Maximizing an EV's range in cold weather requires new processes - and some extra attention to manage the temperature of the cabin and battery - that are different compared with a regular gas car" - Alex Knizek, Consumer Reports' manager of auto testing and insights

Hot conditions also impact range, though less drastically. At 95°F, with the air conditioning running, an EV’s range drops by about 17%. In extreme heat, between 115°F and 122°F, energy consumption can increase by 28.43% compared to mild temperatures.

Mountainous terrain presents another challenge, reducing range by up to 30%. However, EVs can recapture energy through regenerative braking on downhill stretches, which helps offset some of the loss. Even wind plays a role - a 10 m/s headwind can cut highway range by about 19%.

When selecting an EV, factor in your local conditions. If you’re in colder states like Minnesota or North Dakota, account for significant winter range reductions. In hotter areas like Arizona or Nevada, expect higher energy use for air conditioning. If you live in the mountains, consider an EV with a longer range to handle elevation changes.

The numbers illustrate these effects clearly. On August 4, 2024, in New Mexico, warm weather and calm winds boosted average range by 18% above the median. In contrast, on January 20, 2025, in North Dakota, extreme cold slashed the median range by 59%.

2. Review Charging Options

Charging your EV isn’t just about plugging it in; it’s about finding the right balance between convenience, cost, and compatibility. Whether you’re charging at home, relying on public networks, or navigating different connector types, understanding your options can make EV ownership smoother and more enjoyable.

Home Charging Setup

For most EV owners, home charging is the go-to solution. It’s convenient and can save time compared to frequenting public stations. There are two main types of home charging:

• Level 1 (120V): Adds 2–5 miles of range per hour. This option is affordable but can take over 50 hours for a full charge, making it less practical for larger batteries or daily use.
• Level 2 (240V): Delivers 20–60 miles of range per hour, significantly cutting down charging time. However, it requires professional installation and a dedicated 240V circuit.

If you’re considering upgrading to Level 2, you’re not alone - 60% of EV owners using Level 1 chargers are exploring this option. While the upfront cost is higher, the faster charging speeds and convenience often make it worth the investment.

"The higher upfront cost is generally considered fully justified by the faster charging speed and convenience of Level 2 EV charging."

Here’s what you’ll need to consider for a Level 2 setup:

• Costs: Equipment ranges from $350–$900, with installation adding $400–$1,700. Additional expenses may include panel upgrades ($200–$3,000), wiring ($10–$20 per foot), and permits ($50–$200).
• Installation: Always hire a licensed electrician to inspect your home’s wiring and handle the installation. This ensures safety, compliance, and long-term reliability.

"With a Level 2 charger, you can wake up every morning knowing your EV is fully powered and ready to go."

Public Charging Networks

If you’re on the road or lack home charging options, public networks are essential. The U.S. currently boasts over 12,400 DC fast-charging locations and nearly 51,000 ports as of January 2025. However, not all networks are created equal.

Here’s a quick snapshot of major players:

• Tesla Superchargers: Leading with over 29,000 NACS ports, known for reliability.
• Electrify America, EVgo, and ChargePoint: Offering 4,627, 3,989, and 3,752 ports respectively.

While Tesla Superchargers and the Rivian Adventure Network are praised for their dependability, others like Shell Recharge and EVgo have faced criticism. A Consumer Reports study found that drivers encountered issues nearly half the time at Shell Recharge stations.

To make public charging easier:

• Use network-specific apps to locate stations, start charging, monitor progress, and pay.
• Explore membership plans for potential discounts.
• Try community-based apps like PlugShare for real-time station availability.
• Look for networks offering Plug & Charge for automatic authentication and payment.

"Charging networks can provide open access to real-time station data, provide better methods for consumers to identify problems at stations, take measures to address them quickly and track their progress to ensure network health steadily improves." – Drew Toher, sustainability campaign manager for Consumer Reports

Choosing the right network can simplify long-distance trips and reduce charging-related stress.

Charging Port Types

Different EVs use different charging connectors, so understanding your vehicle’s requirements is key. Charging methods fall into two categories:

• AC Charging: Relies on the vehicle’s onboard charger to convert electricity.
• DC Fast Charging: Converts power at the station, allowing for much faster charging.

Here’s a breakdown of common connector types:

Connector Type	Current Type	Maximum Power	Charging Level	Primary Region
SAE J1772 (Type 1)	AC	19.2 kW	Level 1, Level 2	USA, Canada, Japan
CCS Type 1	DC	360 kW	Level 3	USA, Canada, South Korea
CHAdeMO	DC	400 kW	Level 3	Japan
Tesla NACS	AC/DC	250 kW	Level 2/Level 3	USA, Canada

Charging speeds depend on the connector and level. For example:

• Level 1: Can take 40–50+ hours to charge to 80%.
• Level 2: Cuts that time down to 4–10 hours.
• DC Fast Charging: Reaches 80% in just 20 minutes to 1 hour.

Most North American EVs use SAE J1772 for AC charging or CCS Type 1 for DC fast charging. Tesla vehicles, on the other hand, rely on NACS connectors. Notably, EVgo announced in August 2023 that it would transition its ports to NACS.

Before charging, check your vehicle manual or inspect the charging inlet to confirm compatibility. If you’re considering an EV, ensure it aligns with the charging infrastructure in your area or comes with necessary adapters - this can significantly impact your overall experience. European models often use Type 2 connectors with CCS, while many Asian brands prefer Type 1 and CHAdeMO standards.

Understanding these details ensures you’re always ready to charge, no matter where you are.

3. Inspect Vehicle Condition and Features

Once you've sorted out your charging setup, it's time to turn your attention to the vehicle itself. This step is all about ensuring the quality, features, and reliability of the EV you're considering. It's especially crucial for electric vehicles since the battery is the priciest component.

Battery Health Check

The health of the battery plays a major role in an EV's performance and longevity. One key metric to evaluate is the State of Health (SoH), which compares the battery's current capacity to its original capacity. EV batteries are designed to last as long as the vehicle itself, generally retaining 70–90% capacity over 8–10 years. However, factors like poor charging practices or high mileage can speed up degradation. On average, EV batteries lose about 1.8% capacity annually, and research from Geotab suggests they could last up to 20 years at this rate.

Here are a few ways to assess battery health:

• Dashboard and Service Menus: Many EVs provide battery health data directly on the dashboard or in the service menu. For example, the Nissan Leaf uses a series of bars to indicate battery condition.
• OBD-II Scanners: These tools can measure SoH and remaining kWh. They're widely available and typically cost around $65.
• Performance Testing: A test drive can help you compare the displayed range with the actual range. You can also perform a fast-charge test to evaluate charging speeds.

If you're looking at a used EV, it's worth asking the seller about their charging habits. Frequent use of DC fast charging or failure to maintain a charge between 20–80% can impact battery health. Additionally, extreme heat can degrade batteries, so vehicles with liquid cooling systems often fare better in the long run. Lastly, review the manufacturer's battery warranty, which typically covers 8 years or 100,000 miles, though terms can differ.

Key Features and Options

EVs come packed with features designed to elevate your driving experience. When evaluating a vehicle, consider factors like range, charging capabilities, safety systems, and other conveniences.

• Range and Efficiency: Most EVs offer a range of 150 to 350 miles per charge and achieve around 3 to 4 miles per kWh. Choose a model that comfortably meets your daily needs, with some extra range for unplanned trips.
• Charging Capabilities: Look into the vehicle's DC fast charging speeds to ensure they align with your travel patterns, especially if you plan on taking longer trips.
• Safety Systems: Modern EVs are equipped with features like blind-spot monitoring, collision avoidance systems, advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS), and regenerative braking, which helps convert kinetic energy back into electricity.
• Technology and Convenience: Features like cabin pre-conditioning during charging and real-time energy monitoring can enhance both comfort and efficiency.
• Regenerative Braking: This standard feature is particularly useful in stop-and-go traffic, as it recaptures energy that would otherwise be lost.

Think about your daily driving needs and decide whether a fully electric vehicle (BEV), a hybrid (HEV), or a plug-in hybrid (PHEV) suits your lifestyle best. Once you're satisfied with the vehicle's features, move on to a detailed inspection and warranty review.

Vehicle Inspection and Warranty

A thorough inspection can save you from unexpected expenses later. It's also a good idea to check for recalls and consider a professional pre-purchase inspection.

• Professional Inspection: Have a trusted mechanic assess the vehicle's overall condition and roadworthiness.
• Safety Inspection: While not all states require safety inspections for EVs, these checks typically cover essentials like tires, brakes, and headlights.
• Emissions Testing: EVs don't produce tailpipe emissions, so they usually aren't subject to smog tests.
• Warranty Coverage: Most EV battery warranties cover manufacturing defects and significant capacity loss (usually when capacity falls below 70% of the original). However, they typically exclude normal wear and tear or damage from improper use. Following the manufacturer's maintenance guidelines and keeping a detailed service history can help protect your warranty.
• Preventive Care: Simple habits, like minimizing fast charging and avoiding extreme temperatures, can extend battery life. Regular battery health checks during routine maintenance are also a smart move.

Taking these steps ensures you're making an informed decision and helps you get the most out of your EV investment.

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4. Calculate Costs and Available Rebates

Understanding the full cost of owning an electric vehicle (EV) is a key step in making a well-informed purchase. It's not just about the sticker price - you'll also need to account for charging, insurance, maintenance, registration fees, and potential tax breaks. Let’s break it down.

Purchase and Ownership Budget

Start by listing your upfront costs and ongoing expenses. These include the purchase price, insurance, charging costs, and routine servicing. For context, the average price of a new EV in September 2024 was $56,328, while used EVs averaged $37,260. Keep in mind, EVs often depreciate faster than traditional cars. One study found that EVs lose about 58.8% of their value over five years, compared to a 45.6% average for all vehicles.

Home Charging Equipment

If you’re planning to charge at home, you’ll likely need a Level 2 charger. These cost at least $500, with installation fees ranging from $400 to $1,700. If your electrical panel needs an upgrade, that’s an additional cost. On average, setting up home charging runs about $1,300. While this upfront investment might seem steep, it can be offset by lower electricity rates compared to gas.

Ongoing Operational Savings

EVs can save you money in the long run. Maintenance costs are about 30% lower after three years compared to gas-powered cars. A 2024 study by Atlas Public Policy estimated that EV owners could save between $7,000 and $11,000 over seven years.

Other Costs to Consider

Don’t forget state-specific fees like registration and EV-related taxes. Driving habits, where you live, and how you finance your car can also affect your overall expenses. Once you’ve mapped out these costs, you’ll be ready to explore financing and insurance options.

Financing and Insurance

With your budget in place, it’s time to look at financing and insurance to round out your financial plan.

Financing Options

Manufacturers often offer competitive financing deals or lease options. Be sure to compare interest rates and terms from different lenders, including credit unions. Leasing can also be a smart move. For example, the 2025 Hyundai IONIQ 6 starts at $274 per month, and the IONIQ 5 is available for $286 per month (both based on 36-month terms, 12,000 miles per year, and $2,000 due at signing).

Insurance Considerations

Insurance for EVs is typically higher due to specialized repair costs. For instance, insuring a 2025 Nissan Leaf is cheaper than a Tesla Model X because replacement and repair costs vary significantly. Shop around for quotes, ask about discounts for EV owners, and consider bundling policies. Adjusting your deductible can also help balance monthly premiums with potential out-of-pocket costs.

Tax Credits and Rebates

Federal Tax Credits

Federal tax credits can make buying an EV much more affordable. If you purchase a qualifying EV before September 30, 2025, you could receive up to $7,500 for a new EV or $4,000 for a used one. As Tim Levin explained:

"If you've been mulling over an electric car purchase, you have just under three months to get a big, fat, federally funded discount on the hood. Now that the Republicans' 'Big Beautiful Bill' has passed, the $7,500 federal EV tax credit is set to expire after September 30 - about eight years early."

This $7,500 credit is divided into two parts, each worth up to $3,750. To qualify for the battery portion in 2025, 60% of the battery must be assembled or manufactured in North America, and 60% of its critical minerals must be sourced from the U.S. or a free-trade agreement country.

Price and Income Limits

There are limits on which vehicles and buyers qualify. Vans, SUVs, and pickups must have an MSRP of $80,000 or less, while sedans and passenger cars are capped at $55,000. For used EVs, the purchase price must not exceed $25,000. For instance, the Chevrolet Equinox EV, priced at $34,995 with a range of over 300 miles, could see its price drop below $30,000 after applying the tax credit.

How to Claim Credits

You can claim the credit on your tax return or, in some cases, transfer it to an eligible dealer for an immediate discount. To find eligible models, check the IRS FuelEconomy.gov website, and verify final assembly details using the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration’s VIN database.

State and Local Incentives

Many states offer extra incentives beyond federal credits. Programs like California’s Clean Air Vehicle program or New York’s state rebate can help further reduce costs. However, some states limit how many incentives you can combine. Research your local options and consult a tax professional to ensure you qualify. Be aware that exceeding income limits could mean repaying the credit. These incentives can make EV ownership more affordable while supporting environmentally friendly choices.

5. How Premium Autos Inc Helps with Your EV Purchase

Once you've figured out your budget and any incentives you're eligible for, the next step is choosing the right dealership to guide you through your EV journey. Premium Autos Inc, with locations in Norco and El Monte, California, specializes in pre-owned EVs and serves buyers across Southern California.

Pre-Owned EV Selection

Premium Autos Inc offers an extensive inventory of over 355 pre-owned EVs, with a strong focus on Tesla models. They also carry other premium brands like BMW and Toyota. Their website makes it easy to browse their inventory from the comfort of your home, letting you explore detailed specifications and pricing for each vehicle.

If you're considering a Tesla, their selection covers various model years and price ranges, with some Model 3s starting as low as $12,995. With a total inventory of more than 364 vehicles, Premium Autos Inc serves drivers from areas like Riverside, Corona, Ontario, Chino, Pasadena, West Covina, Baldwin Park, and Pomona. You can check out their current inventory online at premiumautosinc.com or visit one of their locations to see the cars in person.

Trade-In and Financing Options

Premium Autos Inc doesn’t just offer a wide selection of EVs - they also make the financial side of your purchase easier. They provide trade-in evaluations directly on their website, giving you an estimated value for your current vehicle. This helps you understand your budget before stepping into the dealership.

For financing, they collaborate with over 20 lenders to secure competitive rates, regardless of your credit history. You can even apply for financing online and get pre-approved, which saves time and lets you shop with confidence. Their financing team is also well-versed in federal tax credits and state incentives, helping you understand how these benefits can impact your loan terms and monthly payments.

Quality Assurance and Customer Support

Premium Autos Inc is committed to delivering quality vehicles and excellent service. With a 4.5-star rating on Google Reviews from more than 400 customers, they’ve built a reputation for both reliability and customer satisfaction.

Every pre-owned EV undergoes a comprehensive inspection to ensure it’s in top condition. This includes checks on battery health, charging systems, motor and drivetrain performance, software updates, electrical systems, brakes, tires, and structural integrity. These inspections help protect you from unexpected repair costs and ensure your EV is compatible with local charging networks and safety standards.

Beyond the sale, Premium Autos Inc offers ongoing support to make your transition to EV ownership as smooth as possible. Their dedication to quality and service ensures your EV purchase meets your needs and enhances your overall ownership experience. Whether you're new to EVs or upgrading to a newer model, Premium Autos Inc is there to help every step of the way.

Conclusion: Begin Your EV Ownership

Following this checklist sets you up for a smart and informed electric vehicle (EV) purchase. Once you've done your homework and chosen the right EV, the next step is ensuring you're ready to hit the road with a reliable charging plan.

A solid home charging setup is key. As John Higham explains:

"Installing a Level 2 EVSE (charger) where you park your car each night is the single most important thing you can do to get ready to bring your new EV home".

This setup will cover most of your daily charging needs and make owning an EV more convenient.

To make the transition even smoother, download apps like PlugShare and A Better Route Planner (ABRP). These tools help you find charging stations and plan longer road trips. Additionally, create accounts with major charging networks like ChargePoint, Electrify America, EVgo, and Blink. Having these accounts ready ensures you're prepared for any journey, whether it's a quick local drive or a cross-country adventure.

Another great resource is joining model-specific social media groups. These communities are full of experienced EV drivers who can provide real-time advice, troubleshooting tips, and support. They’re often eager to help new owners get the most out of their vehicles.

For daily use, aim to keep your battery charge between 20% and 80% to maintain its health and performance. And when using DC fast chargers, it’s usually best to charge only up to 80%, as charging speeds slow significantly beyond that point.

If you're looking for a trusted partner in your EV journey, Premium Autos Inc offers a streamlined buying experience. They specialize in high-quality pre-owned EVs and provide expert guidance on the Federal Clean Vehicle Credit and financing options. Their thorough inspections ensure your EV is ready for reliable use, and their team is available to answer any questions you may have during ownership.

"At Premium Autos, we're not just a dealership – we're your partner in finding the perfect vehicle to suit your lifestyle".

Switching to an EV isn’t just about buying a car - it’s about embracing a cleaner, quieter, and more efficient way of driving. While the transition from gas to electric can feel overwhelming at first, as Shana Cooper from Agero points out:

"There needs to be more solid, reliable resources for seamless onboarding. The learning curve in transitioning from gas to electric is too wide a gap to be ignored."

Premium Autos Inc helps close that gap by offering not just vehicles but also the expertise to navigate the technical and financial aspects of EV ownership.

When you're ready to take the leap, visit Premium Autos Inc in Norco or El Monte, CA, or explore their inventory online at premiumautosinc.com. Their team is ready to help you find the perfect EV and take advantage of available incentives to make your purchase more affordable.

FAQs

How can I choose the right EV range based on my driving needs and climate?

To figure out the best EV range for your lifestyle, start by looking at your daily driving habits. A good rule of thumb is to choose an EV with a range that's at least 1.5 times your average daily mileage. This extra buffer ensures you have flexibility for unexpected trips. If you live in a colder area, you might want to aim for a range closer to 2 times your daily distance since colder temperatures can lower battery performance by roughly 25%. On the other hand, mild weather can slightly boost your EV's range.

It's also worth noting that extreme temperatures - whether hot or cold - can impact your EV's efficiency. Knowing your local climate is key when making a decision. If you're feeling uncertain, reaching out to a trusted dealership like Premium Autos Inc can help you find an EV that matches your driving needs and weather conditions.

What’s the difference between Level 1 and Level 2 home EV chargers, and how do I choose the right one?

The key difference between Level 1 and Level 2 home EV chargers lies in their charging speed. Level 1 chargers plug into a standard 120-volt outlet, making them simple to use but relatively slow. They typically add about 3–5 miles of range per hour. In contrast, Level 2 chargers use a 240-volt outlet, delivering a much faster charge - usually 20–60 miles of range per hour, depending on your EV and the charger itself.

Choosing the right charger depends on your driving habits and home setup. If your daily commute is short and you have the luxury of charging overnight, a Level 1 charger might be sufficient. But if you frequently drive longer distances or need quicker charging times, a Level 2 charger is a better fit. Just remember, installing a Level 2 charger often requires professional electrical work, so be sure to include that in your planning.

What should I look for when checking the battery health of a used electric vehicle?

When assessing the battery health of a used electric vehicle (EV), the key metric to examine is the state of health (SOH). This figure shows how effectively the battery retains its charge. A lower SOH points to some degree of wear, which can impact the car’s range and overall performance.

Most EVs allow you to check the battery capacity or related health details through the vehicle's battery management system (BMS). This system is typically accessible via the dashboard or infotainment screen. Additionally, if the seller provides any battery health reports or diagnostic data, take the time to review these. They can give you a clearer picture of the battery’s condition and its usage history.

By following these steps, you’ll be better equipped to choose a used EV that aligns with your expectations for both range and durability.